To succeed in addressing the challenges of 21st century biology, scientists must generate, have access to, interpret, and archive more information than ever before. The urgency of these fundamental and practical needs has prompted scientists to begin to identify sets of “grand challenges” in biology (Denver et al. Biology must also apply new and existing knowledge to solve the pressing problems of our times, which include the environmental crises of global climate change, ocean acidi- fication, biodiversity loss and the introduction of nonnative species, serious concerns for human health, emerging and pandemic diseases, and critical needs for agricultural and biofuel production. We also urgently need to identify all the life forms on this planet and understand their interrelationships and geographic distributions. We need to understand the basic biological processes that drive life on this planet-those common to all organisms as well as those that provide unique adaptation to different environments. is confronted with the need to answer fundamental questions about how life and natural systems evolve, are governed, and respond to changing environments.
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